Texas Pages

From the book Willie Nelson: An Epic Life by Joe Nick Patoski. Copyright (c) 2008 by Joe Nick Patoski. Reprinted by permission of Little, Brown and Company, New York, NY. All rights reserved.

In January 1975, while driving back to Texas from their first ski trip ever to Steamboat Springs, Colo., Willie informed his wife, Connie, that he had to deliver an album to Columbia soon and didn't have a clue what to do. He needed songs. According to the contract Neil Reshen had hammered out with Columbia Records, giving him artistic control for the first time in his career, Willie knew he could go in and do whatever he wanted, and the label would take it. Connie pulled out a pad of paper while they were talking about songs. She brought up "Red Headed Stranger" and how that and similar songs might make a nice story album, like a cowboy movie on record.
The ideas started flying back and forth. Willie could write some songs like that and find some others that fit in. The ideas were flowing without his even trying. When they drove over a rise and saw Denver at night, he came up with the line "The bright lights of Denver were shining like diamonds." "It was the weirdest feeling," Connie said. "The whole drive we didn't even get sleepy because we were so excited. By the time we got back to Austin, he pretty much had the whole thing done," she said. "He just sat down with his guitar and the tape recorder at the ranch on Fitzhugh Road and filled it all in."
The idea was not without risk. If it didn't sell, there would be no second Columbia album. A Willie Nelson concept album would be industry shorthand for commercial death. But he didn't second-guess himself. He simply pushed all his chips to the center of the table.
This bet was cowboy mythic, based on the song made popular by Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith, the Charlotte, N.C., singer and pioneering country music television star in the early 1950s. It was the same song that Willie used to sing on his radio program on KCNC in Fort Worth when it was nap time for the children listening at home and that he sang to Lana, Susie, and Billy at bedtime, and to Paula and Amy years later.
Trying to imagine what happened to the Red Headed Stranger, he wrote "Time of the Preacher" in the same spirit as his package show fellow traveler Marty Robbins' "El Paso City," which was a follow-up to his hit "El Paso." A gothic western storyline began to take shape about a preacher man who killed his wife, then drifted from town to town, condemned to pull his dead lover's horse behind him. He resuscitated "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," a forgotten country music ballad written 30 years earlier by Fred Rose that had been covered by Roy Acuff, Gene Autry and Elvis Presley; "Can I Sleep in Your Arms?", one of Hank Cochran's saddest, straight-to-the-heart compositions; and Eddy Arnold's "I Couldn't Believe It Was True," the most downbeat song Eddy ever made popular. Billy Callery, a young songwriter who found Willie in Austin, brought him "Hands on the Wheel." "Just As I Am," one of the least judgmental numbers in the hymnal, added a spiritual component.

The ideas would be articulated at Autumn Sound, a new recording studio in a light tan one-story stone building in an industrial park in Garland, a suburb beyond the northeastern city limits of Dallas. Autumn's studio, a quiet room with cypress wood paneling, featured the first 24-track studio console in Texas and came equipped with a Bösendorfer concert grand piano, a 92-key instrument made in Vienna with four extra bass notes that retailed for $25,000.
Mickey Raphael found Autumn Sound. Western Swing banjo virtuoso Marvin "Smokey" Montgomery of the Light Crust Doughboys had introduced the 19-year-old harmonica player to studio engineer Phil York at Sumet-Bernet Studios in Dallas when both were just starting out. Mickey was hungry to do recording work, so whenever Phil was doing a session, he'd call Mickey to come and hang out in the studio's coffee room. "I'd leave the control room door open so he could play along with whatever was being recorded," Phil said. During a break, Phil would ask a recording artist to get him a cup of coffee in the hope he'd hear Mickey playing and perhaps be inspired to invite him into the session. The ploy actually worked on several occasions, with Mickey picking up a few bucks while gaining valuable recording experience.
When Autumn Sound opened in October 1974, Phil York was recruited to use the studio as a freelance engineer and bring in some of the artists he'd already been working with. He could earn more than twice what he was pulling down at Sumet-Bernet. But no one followed Phil. Desperate for business, he cajoled the owners into giving Willie Nelson a free day in the studio to road test the room, no strings attached.
"I heard he was looking for a studio in Texas to make a concept album," Phil said. "He wasn't happy with what they did with his recordings after he left the studio, overdubbing his singing with chirpy background singers, speeding the track up to give it more pep because producers thought he was laying back too much. He'd be driving down the highway and hear his song on the radio for the first time and discover they'd screwed it up. I told Mickey to come on in, have a good time, bring the beer and whatever, the studio was theirs, no charge."
Willie liked the proposition. You couldn't beat free. The band showed up on a cold January day and recorded five songs, including "A Maiden's Prayer" and "Bonaparte's Retreat." Bobbie Nelson fell in love with the Bösendorfer piano. Paul English dug the drummer's booth. The whole band felt comfortable in the room.
"Thanks, Phil," Willie said on his way out the door after the freebie session wound down. "Mix it and send it to me down in Austin."
"You mean I get to mix it myself?" Phil asked.
"Yep. Send it down to me."
Phil did as instructed. A week and a half after the freebie session, Mickey called Phil. Willie wanted to record his concept album at Autumn.
A full week was blocked out at the studio. The band hauled in their equipment and set up. Willie proceeded to play the cassette of the album he'd made at the ranch on Fitzhugh Road. No one had heard the songs before. The whole room burst out laughing over Willie's semi-solo rendition of "Hands on the Wheel."
Phil York: "As Willie sang the lyrics 'There's a man, and a boy, catching whales, spinning tales, of the lady that they both enjoy...,' you'd hear this dog in the cabin with him, howling. He'd start over, and as soon as he got to 'catching whales, spinning tales,' the dog started barking. This happened three or four times. Then you heard Willie letting out a long sigh, then yelling, 'God [expletive] it! Shut up!' Then you heard his wife coming in, saying 'Poor puppy, get away from that mean man' right there on the tape. We just roared. That set the tone of the session."
Willie kept it loose. His real and musical families clogged the studio hallways throughout the run. Bobbie didn't show up for the first day, so Bucky Meadows, whom Willie added to the sessions, subbed on piano (and subbed very well before switching to guitar after Bobbie arrived). Willie also invited Paul's brother Billy English, who was playing drums with the Austin dance band Country Music Revue, to join in.
With one exception, Phil York was the neutral recording engineer. He had noted what he described as "Willie's penetrating voice" and EQed the edges out for a mellower vocal bottom. When Willie came into the control room to hear the playback of the song, he glared at Phil. "What the hell cq did you do to my voice? You ruined it!" Phil quickly undid the EQ on the playback and Willie nodded approvingly. Phil tried adding some reverb to his voice as well but Willie nixed that, too. "That's what Nashville did to me," Willie instructed. "Take it off."
Phil did as he was told. "My job was to get the sound Willie wanted to get," he said. "He was the producer. I was the engineer."
"Time of the Preacher," the first track in the studio and the first track on the album, was knocked off in several takes. "I didn't know this album was anything special," said Phil York. "I knew it wasn't the Nashville cookie-cutter formula. I remember thinking, What's he going to do with this? Nashville isn't going to buy it, it wasn't cut there, and it isn't their sound."
The third song was the chestnut written by Fred Rose, cofounder of the Nashville powerhouse song publisher Acuff-Rose, "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain."
"Just play what you feel," Willie instructed the band on the first run-through without the tapes rolling. Bucky Meadows responded by playing tricky jazz licks on his big Gibson. Bee Spears did a rave-up of jazz bassist Jaco Pastorius. Paul and Billy swung the brushes.
"That wasn't exactly what I had in mind," Willie said after the run-through. "This is more of a solitude-sounding kind of song. I tell you what, put your instruments down and let me play it solo. Just play along only if you feel like you can add something to it."
Bucky walked out of the room, followed by Billy and Paul. Bee and Mickey stuck around, adding minimal fills. "It was all about Willie," Mickey Raphael said. "We learned to lay back."
Willie knew what he wanted. He did one song at a time until he got it right, then moved on to the next. Phil York was used to saving money in the studio by starting the tape only when he knew the musicians were recording a keeper. After several starts and stops, he noticed Willie whispering to Paul in the main room, and Paul came into the control room to repeat this message from Willie: "Phil, stop stopping the tape machine. Let the cq damn tape roll."
"I didn't get what was going on until about a third of the way through the damn record," Bee Spears said. But he never doubted Willie. "I learned a long time ago not to second-guess him."
The cost for five days of recording and a day of mixing was under $4,000. The $60,000 advance from Columbia that Neil Reshen had negotiated was nonrecoupable, meaning whatever Willie didn't spend from the advance, he was able to keep. Enough was left over to upgrade the band bus and band equipment and still have some running change.
Phil York came away from the sessions a believer. Bobby Earl Smith, the singer-bassist for Freda and the Firedogs, and Joe Gracey, the most popular disc jockey on progressive-country KOKE-FM in Austin and an aspiring engineer, called Phil, needing a dub of a song Bobby had recorded called "Muleshoe." Phil told Bobby Earl and Joe to come up and get a dub and listen to these tapes he had.
"I've never heard anything like it," Phil told them when they arrived while he was rewinding tape to sequence the songs correctly. Bobby Earl was stunned. "'Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain' actually had lyrics. I'd been hooked on the Shot Jackson/Buddy Emmons instrumental version on the album Sho-Budding Again and thought it was the prettiest melody ever, and here was Willie, singing the words," he said. "We knew we'd just heard something like never before."
Gracey was not so impressed. "I thought it was a career-ending mistake, because it was too stark and too off-the-wall. I thought he had just taken a really hard road."
Willie tracked down Hank Cochran, who was hanging out on his boat in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., and asked him to fly to Dallas that day to hear what he'd just done.
"Here I are," Hank announced after he arrived at the motel where the band was staying.
Willie played him the entire recording and asked Hank what he thought.
"Truthfully, I don't have the slightest cqdamn idea," Hank told him. "But I love it, I like it, and I guess that's all that matters. Because what else is there? I don't know what to compare it to, which is great. And thank you for putting one of my songs in it. And I'll tell you one thing: If you do put it out -- and I know you will -- and my song is on it, I'll spend all the money on the other side, promoting it. I'll make cqdamn sure it's promoted."
Stripped-down, spare, and clocking in at just 34 minutes, Red Headed Stranger was a dark, violent telling masked in graceful melodies, effectively capturing the same harsh Old West reality that the writer Cormac McCarthy would soon bring to his novels. But Bruce Lundvall, Columbia Records' president, didn't hear a hit, or an album, when Neil Reshen brought an acetate of the recording, along with a leather-clad Waylon Jennings, to a listening session in New York. Lundvall thought Neil was pulling his leg. The ink on the contract wasn't dry, Lundvall thought to himself. And what the cqhell is Waylon Jennings doing here? He's on RCA.
Lundvall diplomatically commented that the recording might be a real collectors' record, it was so unusual. Spare and simple was nice for a demo, but four days in the studio and you're done -- that was ridiculous. No one of Willie's stature was making albums for less than $250,000.
Waylon practically jumped up on Bruce Lundvall's desk.
"You tin-eared, tone-deaf son of a [expletive]!" he fumed. "See, that's where you're wrong. You ain't got a god [expletive] clue what Willie Nelson's music is about." Waylon glared menacingly at the CEO, fist clenched. ..."He doesn't need a producer, he doesn't need Jerry Wexler. This is what he's all about! That's why I'm here. To tell you that."
Waylon stomped out, with Neil Reshen following behind.
"Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain" finally reached No .1 on the country singles chart the first week of October as it began crossing over onto the pop charts, peaking at number 21 a few weeks later. But Willie was still being second-guessed. The appeal of the record escaped country legend Charlie Louvin. One night on Bill Mack's Midnight Cowboy program on WBAP-AM, a truckers' show broadcast from Fort Worth that could be heard throughout half the nation, one-half of the Louvin Brothers voiced his opinion: "I can't understand it. That thing wouldn't have even made a good demo."
Willie discovered that despite all of the doubts, he was a pretty good producer. "Chet Atkins was a better guitar player than me," he said. "Grady Martin was a better guitar player than me. I thought they knew the answers in the studio. Come to find out, they didn't know any better than I did." He had made an album against all odds and at one-tenth the usual expense.
After the album passed the five-hundred-thousand-500,000-units-sold mark (it was certified gold in March 1976), Bruce Lundvall sent Waylon a gold record with the note, "This is from that tin-eared tone-deaf son-of-a-[expletive.] You were right. Here's your album."